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  <channel>
    <title>[top-politics] Re: Definition of TOP - need to finish our goal</title>
    <link>http://echarp.org/Re_Definition_of_TOP_need_to_finish_our_goal_6/index.rss</link>
    <description>[top-politics] Re: Definition of TOP - need to finish our goal</description>
    <item>
      <title>[top-politics] Re: Definition of TOP - Systematization</title>
      <pubDate>2006-12-07 20:17:49+0100</pubDate>
      <link>http://echarp.org/Re_Definition_of_TOP_Systematization_97/index.rss</link>
      <comments>http://echarp.org/Re_Definition_of_TOP_Systematization_97/index.rss</comments>
      <dc:creator>Mark Rosst</dc:creator>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;[&amp;#8230;]
&amp;gt; &amp;gt;&amp;gt; &amp;gt;-M: Yes, but you are spreading the accountability way too thinly. :-(
&amp;gt; &amp;gt;mG: -This is claimed by you, please proove it.
&amp;gt; &amp;gt; I could argue that the people of Switzerland, or Socrates probably
&amp;gt; &amp;gt; wouldn&amp;#8217;t agree with you.
&amp;gt;
&amp;gt; &amp;gt;-M: When two wolves and one sheep vote for whats for dinner, the wolves
&amp;gt; are not accountable to the sheep. Do you want to be the sheep?
&amp;gt; Likewise, do you want to be ruled by lemmings?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt;mG:[&amp;#8230;] the comparison with wolfs and sheep is nonsence
&amp;gt; since we are discussing equal righted humans&amp;#8230;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;-M: Which is why, with SD2-S, that everyone initially has equal voting
power.&lt;br/&gt;
SD2-S is &lt;strong&gt;democratic&lt;/strong&gt;-republicanism.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt;mG:&amp;#8230;with possibility to be anonymous. And the bill of rights is not existent for the sheep.
&amp;gt; Neither are there laws, &lt;span class="caps"&gt;TOP&lt;/span&gt; or media to cover the dinner of the wolfes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a class="readMore" href="#" onclick="Element.hide(this); Element.removeClassName(this.parentNode.nextSibling, 'tooLarge'); return false;"&gt;Read more&amp;#8230; / Lire plus&amp;#8230;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;div class="tooLarge"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;-M: If AD uses the lemming algorithm,
then the wolves can dupe the lemmings into a dinner.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt; &amp;gt;&amp;gt;mG: But not all can be solved by expendable top. Some issues are best
&amp;gt; &amp;gt;&amp;gt; handled by broad participation&amp;#8230;
&amp;gt;
&amp;gt; &amp;gt;-M: &amp;#8220;&amp;#8230;broad participation&amp;#8230;&amp;#8221; can be useful, and this is allowed and
&amp;gt; even encouraged by SD2-S.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt;mG: -Well, whats mainly encouraged in SD2 is voting for a rep. I would say.
&amp;gt; AD is doing it the other way around, with the possibility for a
&amp;gt; delegate. But this is my last comparison with systems that actually can bothe be
&amp;gt; options in a future &lt;span class="caps"&gt;TOP&lt;/span&gt; organization or country government.
&amp;gt; This debate is not leading to anywhere.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;-M: You said &amp;#8220;SD2&amp;#8221; &amp;#8211; and yes, this is for selecting reps.
But the system I am talking about is &lt;strong&gt;SD2-S&lt;/strong&gt;, which has specialists for
every issue,&lt;br/&gt;
so this functions much like your &amp;#8216;delegates&amp;#8217; of AD.
Again, I don&amp;#8217;t see the comparison.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt; &amp;gt;-M: In a DD, the lemmings are not accountable to the other lemmings and
&amp;gt; non-lemmings, just as with the wolf/sheep example. (I got this from the revolutionary Ben Franklin.)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt;mG: -Ben was wrong and he knew it.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;-M: Franklin and Hamilton were the best anti-imperialists this world
has seen.&lt;br/&gt;
Gandhi and Nehru were populistic wussies by comparison.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt;mG: He just needed to justify his own and other reps. future power.
&amp;gt; There is no logic in this since the lemmings in a RD are not neither
&amp;gt; accountable to each other. So they can go and elect Hitler.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;-M: Again, the debate isn&amp;#8217;t RD vs DD,
its lemming-algorithm vs Markov-algorithms,&lt;br/&gt;
and in the above example it is the lemming-algorithm which selected
Hitler.&lt;br/&gt;
So this is a point against you, and not me.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt;mG: By contrast either you or Franklin has a similar example to show for
&amp;gt; DD. Just BS theory frankly.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;-M: You keep attacking L-RD.
You are attacking the lemming algorithm which supports DD.
I will let you continue to whup yourself.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt; &amp;gt;&amp;gt;mG: -The people will never allow corruption if they see it and a
&amp;gt; &amp;gt; possibility to remove it, this is prooven many times in history&amp;#8230;
&amp;gt;
&amp;gt; &amp;gt;-M: &lt;span class="caps"&gt;EVERY&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="caps"&gt;SINGLE&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="caps"&gt;FORM&lt;/span&gt; OF &lt;span class="caps"&gt;CORRUPTION&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span class="caps"&gt;WITHOUT&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="caps"&gt;EXCEPTION&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span class="caps"&gt;HAS&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="caps"&gt;BEEN&lt;/span&gt;
&amp;gt; &lt;span class="caps"&gt;CORRUPTION&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="caps"&gt;ALLOWED&lt;/span&gt; BY &lt;span class="caps"&gt;THE&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="caps"&gt;PEOPLE&lt;/span&gt;.
&amp;gt;
&amp;gt;mG: -As smart as saying that a burglar would meet no resistance in peoples
&amp;gt; homes. Explain why anybody would accept stealing of his property?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;-M: Ignorance and lack of vigilence.
This is why intelligent and vigilent people must be selected to lead
government.&lt;br/&gt;
This is why SD2-S has a peer-endorsement algorithm.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt; &amp;gt;-M: Its your BS. What is needed is a mechanism to find those that are
&amp;gt; counter-corruption because the people as a mass can&amp;#8217;t do it.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt;mG: -It will be impossible within a true &lt;span class="caps"&gt;TOP&lt;/span&gt; organization to steal.
&amp;gt; Your problem is how a rep can be fully &lt;span class="caps"&gt;TOP&lt;/span&gt; since he can&amp;#8217;t be followed
&amp;gt; and tapped 24/7. Concentate on solving that instead.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;-M: I envision SD2-S to be &lt;span class="caps"&gt;TOP&lt;/span&gt; complient,
so you aren&amp;#8217;t making a comparison again.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt; &amp;gt;&amp;gt;mG: Maybe your invented people of lemmmings acts differently.
&amp;gt;
&amp;gt; &amp;gt;-M: No differently than their lemminghood of history.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt;mG: -???Empty words again about the history. Where are the relevant
&amp;gt; examples?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;-M: The bottom 50% percent of income earners in the world own only 1%
of the world.&lt;br/&gt;
This is a result of lemmingism.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;shanti&lt;br/&gt;
Mark, Seattle WA &lt;span class="caps"&gt;USA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;#8212;~&amp;#8212;~&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;-~&amp;#8212;~&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;~&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;~&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;-~&amp;#8212;~&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;~
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    </item>
    <item>
      <title>[top-politics] Re: Definition of TOP - Systematization</title>
      <pubDate>2006-12-05 23:42:08+0100</pubDate>
      <link>http://echarp.org/Re_Definition_of_TOP_Systematization_96/index.rss</link>
      <comments>http://echarp.org/Re_Definition_of_TOP_Systematization_96/index.rss</comments>
      <dc:creator>Magnus</dc:creator>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt;-M: So the decision threshold defaults to 60%, but someone can choose
50%-70%.&lt;br/&gt;
And these thresholds are for all issues, not specific issues.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;-OK, looks fine to me.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt; &amp;gt;-M: Yes, but you are spreading the accountability way too thinly. :-(
&amp;gt;mG: -This is claimed by you, please proove it.
&amp;gt; I could argue that the people of Switzerland, or Socrates probably
&amp;gt; wouldn&amp;#8217;t agree with you.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt;-M: When two wolves and one sheep vote for whats for dinner, the wolves
are not accountable to the sheep. Do you want to be the sheep?
Likewise, do you want to be ruled by lemmings?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a class="readMore" href="#" onclick="Element.hide(this); Element.removeClassName(this.parentNode.nextSibling, 'tooLarge'); return false;"&gt;Read more&amp;#8230; / Lire plus&amp;#8230;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;div class="tooLarge"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;-Another BS from you, the comparison with wolfs and sheep is nonsence
since we are discussing equal righted humans with possibility to be
anonymous.&lt;br/&gt;
And the bill of rights is not existent for the sheep.
Neither are there laws, &lt;span class="caps"&gt;TOP&lt;/span&gt; or media to cover the dinner of  the
wolfes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt;mG: But not all can be solved by expendable top. Some issues are best
&amp;gt;&amp;gt; handled by broad participation&amp;#8230;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt;-M: &amp;#8220;&amp;#8230;broad participation&amp;#8230;&amp;#8221; can be useful, and this is allowed and
even encouraged by SD2-S.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;-Well, whats mainly encouraged in SD2 is voting for a rep. I would say.
AD is doing it the other way around, with the possibility for a
delegate.&lt;br/&gt;
But this is my last comparison with systems that actually can bothe be
options in a future &lt;span class="caps"&gt;TOP&lt;/span&gt; organization or country government.
This debate is not leading to anywhere.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt;mG:&amp;#8230;and decisions taken by all.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt;-M: &lt;span class="caps"&gt;WTF&lt;/span&gt; for?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;-For the same reasons as above.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt;-M: In a DD, the lemmings are not accountable to the other lemmings and
non-lemmings, just as with the wolf/sheep example. (I got this from the&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;revolutionary Ben Franklin.)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;-Ben was wrong and he knew it. He just needed to justify his own and
other reps. future power.&lt;br/&gt;
There is no logic in this since the lemmings in a RD are not neither
accountable to each other.&lt;br/&gt;
So they can go and elect Hitler.&lt;br/&gt;
By contrast either you or Franklin has a similar example to show for
DD.&lt;br/&gt;
Just BS theory frankly.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt;mG: -The people will never allow corruption if they see it and a
&amp;gt; possibility to remove it, this is prooven many times in history&amp;#8230;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt;-M: &lt;span class="caps"&gt;EVERY&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="caps"&gt;SINGLE&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="caps"&gt;FORM&lt;/span&gt; OF &lt;span class="caps"&gt;CORRUPTION&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span class="caps"&gt;WITHOUT&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="caps"&gt;EXCEPTION&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span class="caps"&gt;HAS&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="caps"&gt;BEEN&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class="caps"&gt;CORRUPTION&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="caps"&gt;ALLOWED&lt;/span&gt; BY &lt;span class="caps"&gt;THE&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="caps"&gt;PEOPLE&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;-As smart as saying that a burglar would meet no resistance in peoples
homes.&lt;br/&gt;
Explain why anybody would accept stealing of his property?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt;-M: Its your BS. What is needed is a mechanism to find those that are
counter-corruption because the people as a mass can&amp;#8217;t do it.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;-It will be impossible within a true &lt;span class="caps"&gt;TOP&lt;/span&gt; organization to steal.
Your problem is how a rep can be fully &lt;span class="caps"&gt;TOP&lt;/span&gt; since he can&amp;#8217;t be followed
and tapped 24/7.&lt;br/&gt;
Concentate on solving that instead.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt;mG: Maybe your invented people of lemmmings acts differently.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt;-M: No differently than their lemminghood of history.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;-???Empty words again about the history. Where are the relevant
examples?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;#8212;~&amp;#8212;~&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;-~&amp;#8212;~&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;~&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;~&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;-~&amp;#8212;~&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;~
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    </item>
    <item>
      <title>[top-politics] Re: Definition of TOP - Systematization</title>
      <pubDate>2006-12-02 00:31:44+0100</pubDate>
      <link>http://echarp.org/Re_Definition_of_TOP_Systematization_95/index.rss</link>
      <comments>http://echarp.org/Re_Definition_of_TOP_Systematization_95/index.rss</comments>
      <dc:creator>Mark Rosst</dc:creator>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt; &amp;gt;-M: With SD2-S, people vote for both &lt;strong&gt;needed number of votes from the
&amp;gt; active voting population&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;needed percentage of those voters in
&amp;gt; favor of the issue&lt;/strong&gt;. In the above case, this refers to &lt;strong&gt;percentage of actual voter support&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt;mG: -Sounds complicated. Does all issues have thresholds from the beginning
&amp;gt; and how are they set?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;-M: Have you seen my input field?
&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;-&#173;-&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a class="readMore" href="#" onclick="Element.hide(this); Element.removeClassName(this.parentNode.nextSibling, 'tooLarge'); return false;"&gt;Read more&amp;#8230; / Lire plus&amp;#8230;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;div class="tooLarge"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Name &lt;i&gt;_&lt;/i&gt;__________________________]&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Manditory representitives: [(default), (default)]&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Optional additional representitives: &lt;i&gt;_&lt;/i&gt;______________________]
&lt;i&gt;_&lt;/i&gt;___________________________________________________]&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Issue X Y Z&lt;br/&gt;
Vote:&lt;br/&gt;
Yes [ ] No [ ] Deliberate [ ]&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Optional delegate(s)
(will default to representitives if none are selected):
&lt;i&gt;_&lt;/i&gt;_______________________________________]&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Decision threshold  &lt;sup class="footnote"&gt;&lt;a href="#fn60"&gt;60&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;%&amp;#8230;
(range &lt;strong&gt;50%+1&lt;/strong&gt; &amp;#8211; 70%, default 60%)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;#8230;of a required &lt;sup class="footnote"&gt;&lt;a href="#fn20"&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;%&lt;ins&gt;5 of qualified voters
 (range (0% &amp;#8211; 40%)&lt;/ins&gt;5, default 20%+5)
&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;-M: So the decision threshold defaults to 60%, but someone can choose
50%-70%.&lt;br/&gt;
And these thresholds are for all issues, not specific issues.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt; &amp;gt;&amp;gt;mG: Show me one in AD and will comment on it.
&amp;gt;
&amp;gt; &amp;gt;-M: It may not be in AD, but would occur outside of AD if AD was
&amp;gt; implimented. As I said to Emmanuel, SD2-S is about minimizing external complexity.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt; &amp;gt;&amp;gt;mG: &lt;del&gt;Yes but SD2 is concentrating power, AD is spreading to as many as
&amp;gt; &amp;gt; possible, quite a big difference..
&amp;gt;
&amp;gt; &amp;gt;-M: Yes, but you are spreading the accountability way too thinly. :&lt;/del&gt;(&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt;mG: -This is claimed by you, please proove it.
&amp;gt; I could argue that the people of Switzerland, or Socrates probably
&amp;gt; wouldn&amp;#8217;t agree with you.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;-M: When two wolves and one sheep vote for whats for dinner, the wolves
are not accountable to the sheep. Do you want to be the sheep?
Likewise, do you want to be ruled by lemmings?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt; &amp;gt;-M: SD2-S has real-time voting and a known power-line up.
&amp;gt; Everyone at the top is expendable. They will know and serve the base of society -&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt;mG: But not all can be solved by expendable top. Some issues are best
&amp;gt; handled by broad participation&amp;#8230;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;-M: &amp;#8220;&amp;#8230;broad participation&amp;#8230;&amp;#8221; can be useful, and this is allowed and
even encouraged by SD2-S.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt;mG:&amp;#8230;and decisions taken by all.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;-M: &lt;span class="caps"&gt;WTF&lt;/span&gt; for?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt; &amp;gt;OR &lt;span class="caps"&gt;ELSE&lt;/span&gt;. By contrast, the lemmings are not accountable to each other.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt;mG: -Another example of non prooven BS. Either you present some evidence
&amp;gt; for it or remain silent.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;-M: In a DD, the lemmings are not accountable to the other lemmings and
non-lemmings, just as with the wolf/sheep example. (I got this from the
revolutionary Ben Franklin.)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt; &amp;gt;-M: The lemmings are duped into allowing corruption.
&amp;gt; This is why an anti-corruption algorithm like SD2-S is needed.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt;mG: -The people will never allow corruption if they see it and a
&amp;gt; possibility to remove it, this is prooven many times in history&amp;#8230;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;-M: &lt;span class="caps"&gt;EVERY&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="caps"&gt;SINGLE&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="caps"&gt;FORM&lt;/span&gt; OF &lt;span class="caps"&gt;CORRUPTION&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span class="caps"&gt;WITHOUT&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="caps"&gt;EXCEPTION&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span class="caps"&gt;HAS&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="caps"&gt;BEEN&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class="caps"&gt;CORRUPTION&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="caps"&gt;ALLOWED&lt;/span&gt; BY &lt;span class="caps"&gt;THE&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="caps"&gt;PEOPLE&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt;mG:&amp;#8230;so you are coming with more BS.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;-M: Its your BS. What is needed is a mechanism to find those that are
counter-corruption because the people as a mass can&amp;#8217;t do it.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt;mG: Maybe your invented people of lemmmings acts differently.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;-M: No differently than their lemminghood of history.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;shanti&lt;br/&gt;
Mark, Seattle WA &lt;span class="caps"&gt;USA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;#8212;~&amp;#8212;~&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;-~&amp;#8212;~&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;~&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;~&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;-~&amp;#8212;~&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;~
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&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>[top-politics] Re: Definition of TOP - Systematization</title>
      <pubDate>2006-11-28 10:39:33+0100</pubDate>
      <link>http://echarp.org/Re_Definition_of_TOP_Systematization_94/index.rss</link>
      <comments>http://echarp.org/Re_Definition_of_TOP_Systematization_94/index.rss</comments>
      <dc:creator>Magnus</dc:creator>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt;-M: With SD2-S, people vote for both &lt;strong&gt;needed number of votes from the
active voting population&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;needed percentage of those voters in
favor of the issue&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;br/&gt;
In the above case, this refers to &lt;strong&gt;percentage of actual voter support&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;-Sounds complicated. Does all issues have thresholds from the beginning
and how are they set?&lt;br/&gt;
If not, how can the people reactr before a corrupt leader decides
soemthing together with his group thinking partners in the top?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt;mG: Show me one in AD and will comment on it.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt;-M: It may not be in AD, but would occur outside of AD if AD was
implimented.&lt;br/&gt;
As I said to Emmanuel, SD2-S is about minimizing external complexity.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a class="readMore" href="#" onclick="Element.hide(this); Element.removeClassName(this.parentNode.nextSibling, 'tooLarge'); return false;"&gt;Read more&amp;#8230; / Lire plus&amp;#8230;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;div class="tooLarge"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;-True, but any idea we discuss will in reality be implemeted in a
country by the AD-strategy -to be adapted inside a party which get
elected into a parliament.&lt;br/&gt;
Any other strategies I see fruitless since the established power
structures never will let any revolutionary different democary systems
in by free will.&lt;br/&gt;
On the oher hand, all decisions taken inside a new party can be fair,
just and according to &lt;span class="caps"&gt;TOP&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;br/&gt;
And this is what is to be discussed, not the rest of the world.
A parallell: If a good system finally would make it and take over a
whole contry one could always argue the the UN is still ruled bu other
power structures etc etc, but this is not an argument for not using a
better system in a specific contry, city or party.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt;mG: -Yes but SD2 is concentrating power, AD is spreading to as many as
&amp;gt; possible, quite a big difference..&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt;-M: Yes, but you are spreading the accountability way too thinly. :-(&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;-This is claimed by you, please proove it.
I could argue that the people of Switzerland, or Socrates probably
wouldn&amp;#8217;t agree with you.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt;-M: SD2-S has real-time voting and a known power-line up.
Everyone at the top is expendable. They will know and serve the base of&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;society -&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;-But not all can be solved by expendable top. Some issues are best
handled by broad participation and decisions taken by all.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt;OR &lt;span class="caps"&gt;ELSE&lt;/span&gt;.
By contrast, the lemmings are not accountable to each other.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;-Another example of non prooven BS. Either you present some evidence
for it or remain silent.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt;-M: The lemmings are duped into allowing corruption.
This is why an anti-corruption algorithm like SD2-S is needed.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;-The people will never allow corruption if they see it and a
possibility to remove it, this is prooven many times in history so you
are coming with more BS. Maybe your invented people of lemmmings acts
differently.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;#8212;~&amp;#8212;~&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;-~&amp;#8212;~&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;~&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;~&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;-~&amp;#8212;~&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;~
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&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>[top-politics] Re: Definition of TOP - Systematization</title>
      <pubDate>2006-11-27 22:43:25+0100</pubDate>
      <link>http://echarp.org/Re_Definition_of_TOP_Systematization_93/index.rss</link>
      <comments>http://echarp.org/Re_Definition_of_TOP_Systematization_93/index.rss</comments>
      <dc:creator>Mark Rosst</dc:creator>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt; &amp;gt; &amp;gt;-M: As I said &amp;#8216;DD controls the deliberation&amp;#8230;&amp;#8217;
&amp;gt; &amp;gt; meaning that if popular thresholds aren&amp;#8217;t passed,
&amp;gt; &amp;gt; the issue goes into deliberation.
&amp;gt; &amp;gt;mG: What do you mean?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt; &amp;gt;-M: For example people may vote to have the deliberation threshold at
&amp;gt; 40%, meaning that a popular vote of &amp;gt;40% is needed for an issue to pass,
&amp;gt; even if the specialist vote was beyond the needed supermajority.
&amp;gt; It would be deliberated until the needed popular threshold was met.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt;mG: -I don&amp;#8217;t understand still, people vote to have the delib threshold at
&amp;gt; 40%? In a specific issue?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;-M: Yes for both.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a class="readMore" href="#" onclick="Element.hide(this); Element.removeClassName(this.parentNode.nextSibling, 'tooLarge'); return false;"&gt;Read more&amp;#8230; / Lire plus&amp;#8230;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;div class="tooLarge"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt;mG: Will this mean that the issue is not decided until there is 40% or more
&amp;gt; direct votes in the issue or what? Or that reps having 40% of the voters support have to vote?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;-M: With SD2-S, people vote for both &lt;strong&gt;needed number of votes from the
active voting population&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;needed percentage of those voters in
favor of the issue&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;br/&gt;
In the above case, this refers to &lt;strong&gt;percentage of actual voter support&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt;mG: What is deliberation in SD2?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;-M: With SD2, this would occur if there was a split vote among
directors.&lt;br/&gt;
With SD2-S, this occurs when specialist threshold is met, but popular
threshold isn&amp;#8217;t.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt; &amp;gt;&amp;gt;mG: How has DD a power hiearchy?
&amp;gt;
&amp;gt; &amp;gt;-M: There are still top administrators,
&amp;gt; and many would probably have &amp;#8216;bully pulpit&amp;#8217; power.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt;mG: Show me one in AD and will comment on it.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;-M: It may not be in AD, but would occur outside of AD if AD was
implimented.&lt;br/&gt;
As I said to Emmanuel, SD2-S is about minimizing external complexity.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt; &amp;gt;-M: &lt;span class="caps"&gt;ALL&lt;/span&gt; systems have power concentration,
&amp;gt; so you aren&amp;#8217;t making a comparison.
&amp;gt; What SD2-S does is place those few on the &lt;strong&gt;hot seat&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt;mG: -Yes but SD2 is concentrating power, AD is spreading to as many as
&amp;gt; possible, quite a big difference..&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;-M: Yes, but you are spreading the accountability way too thinly. :-(&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt;mG: The hot seat is only valuable if you want to hang some corrupt
&amp;gt; politician, more like a prison instead of solving the problems in
&amp;gt; society from the base.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;-M: SD2-S has real-time voting and a known power-line up.
Everyone at the top is expendable. They will know and serve the base of
society -&lt;br/&gt;
OR &lt;span class="caps"&gt;ELSE&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;br/&gt;
By contrast, the lemmings are not accountable to each other.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt; &amp;gt;&amp;gt;mG: With &lt;span class="caps"&gt;TOP&lt;/span&gt; applied for DD I have difficulties to see how corruption could
&amp;gt; &amp;gt; evolve to any significant levels.
&amp;gt;
&amp;gt; &amp;gt;-M: The lemmings are still lemmings,
&amp;gt; and they also can still be duped as usual.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt;mG: -This was about corruption, not Lemmings. Can you respond to it or did
&amp;gt; I win this? Show me one example where a people is corrupt and not their leaders.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;-M: The lemmings are duped into allowing corruption.
This is why an anti-corruption algorithm like SD2-S is needed.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;shanti&lt;br/&gt;
Mark, Seattle WA &lt;span class="caps"&gt;USA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;#8212;~&amp;#8212;~&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;-~&amp;#8212;~&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;~&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;~&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;-~&amp;#8212;~&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;~
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&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>[top-politics] Re: Definition of TOP - Systematization</title>
      <pubDate>2006-11-27 13:08:15+0100</pubDate>
      <link>http://echarp.org/Re_Definition_of_TOP_Systematization_92/index.rss</link>
      <comments>http://echarp.org/Re_Definition_of_TOP_Systematization_92/index.rss</comments>
      <dc:creator>Magnus</dc:creator>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt;
&amp;gt; &amp;gt;-M: As I said &amp;#8216;DD controls the deliberation&amp;#8230;&amp;#8217;
&amp;gt; meaning that if popular thresholds aren&amp;#8217;t passed,
&amp;gt; the issue goes into deliberation.
&amp;gt;mG: What do you mean?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt;-M: For example people may vote to have the deliberation threshold at
40%,&lt;br/&gt;
meaning that a popular vote of &amp;gt;40% is needed for an issue to pass,
even if the specialist vote was beyond the needed supermajority.
It would be deliberated until the needed popular threshold was met.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;-I don&amp;#8217;t understand still, people vote to have the delib threshold at
40%? In a specific issue?&lt;br/&gt;
Will this mean that the issue is not decided until there is 40% or more
direct votes in the issue or what?&lt;br/&gt;
Or that reps having 40% of the voters support have to vote?
What is deliberation in SD2?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a class="readMore" href="#" onclick="Element.hide(this); Element.removeClassName(this.parentNode.nextSibling, 'tooLarge'); return false;"&gt;Read more&amp;#8230; / Lire plus&amp;#8230;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;div class="tooLarge"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt;mG: How has DD a power hiearchy?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt;-M: There are still top administrators,
and many would probably have &amp;#8216;bully pulpit&amp;#8217; power.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;-Show me one in AD and will comment on it.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt;-M: &lt;span class="caps"&gt;ALL&lt;/span&gt; systems have power concentration,
so you aren&amp;#8217;t making a comparison.&lt;br/&gt;
What SD2-S does is place those few on the &lt;strong&gt;hot seat&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;-Yes but SD2 is concentrating power, AD is spreading to as many as
possible, quite a big difference..&lt;br/&gt;
The hot seat is only valuable if you want to hang some corrupt
politician, more like a prison instead of solving the problems in
society from the base.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt;mG: With &lt;span class="caps"&gt;TOP&lt;/span&gt; applied for DD I have difficulties to see how corruption could
&amp;gt; evolve to any significant levels.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt;-M: The lemmings are still lemmings,
and they also can still be duped as usual.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;-This was about corruption, not Lemmings. Can you respond to it or did
I win this?&lt;br/&gt;
Show me one example where a people is corrupt and not their leaders.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;#8212;~&amp;#8212;~&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;-~&amp;#8212;~&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;~&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;~&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;-~&amp;#8212;~&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;~
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&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>[top-politics] Re: Definition of TOP - Systematization</title>
      <pubDate>2006-11-25 00:54:12+0100</pubDate>
      <link>http://echarp.org/Re_Definition_of_TOP_Systematization_91/index.rss</link>
      <comments>http://echarp.org/Re_Definition_of_TOP_Systematization_91/index.rss</comments>
      <dc:creator>Mark Rosst</dc:creator>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt; &amp;gt;-M: As I said &amp;#8216;DD controls the deliberation&amp;#8230;&amp;#8217;
&amp;gt; meaning that if popular thresholds aren&amp;#8217;t passed,
&amp;gt; the issue goes into deliberation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt;mG: What do you mean?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;-M: For example people may vote to have the deliberation threshold at
40%,&lt;br/&gt;
meaning that a popular vote of &amp;gt;40% is needed for an issue to pass,
even if the specialist vote was beyond the needed supermajority.
It would be deliberated until the needed popular threshold was met.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a class="readMore" href="#" onclick="Element.hide(this); Element.removeClassName(this.parentNode.nextSibling, 'tooLarge'); return false;"&gt;Read more&amp;#8230; / Lire plus&amp;#8230;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;div class="tooLarge"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt; &amp;gt;-M: &amp;#8216;misuse&amp;#8217; &amp;#8211; wtf is this?
&amp;gt; DD has a power hierarchy just like RD,
&amp;gt; meaning that both are vulnerable to corruption.
&amp;gt; SD2-S&amp;#8217;s solution is to put the most trustworthy at the top,
&amp;gt; and have them compete for senority.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt;mG: How has DD a power hiearchy?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;-M: There are still top administrators,
and many would probably have &amp;#8216;bully pulpit&amp;#8217; power.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt;mG: How can there be corruption in a truly DD system with &lt;span class="caps"&gt;TOP&lt;/span&gt; in place?
&amp;gt; The SD2 solution is better than todays crap, but not as good as DD
&amp;gt; since you still have dangerous amount of power concentrated to a few.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;-M: &lt;span class="caps"&gt;ALL&lt;/span&gt; systems have power concentration,
so you aren&amp;#8217;t making a comparison.&lt;br/&gt;
What SD2-S does is place those few on the &lt;strong&gt;hot seat&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt;mG: With &lt;span class="caps"&gt;TOP&lt;/span&gt; applied for DD I have difficulties to see how corruption could
&amp;gt; evolve to any significant levels.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;-M: The lemmings are still lemmings,
and they also can still be duped as usual.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;shanti&lt;br/&gt;
Mark, Seattle WA &lt;span class="caps"&gt;USA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;#8212;~&amp;#8212;~&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;-~&amp;#8212;~&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;~&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;~&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;-~&amp;#8212;~&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;~
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&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>[top-politics] Re: Definition of TOP - Systematization</title>
      <pubDate>2006-11-24 15:53:04+0100</pubDate>
      <link>http://echarp.org/Re_Definition_of_TOP_Systematization_90/index.rss</link>
      <comments>http://echarp.org/Re_Definition_of_TOP_Systematization_90/index.rss</comments>
      <dc:creator>Magnus</dc:creator>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt;-M: As I said &amp;#8216;DD controls the deliberation&amp;#8230;&amp;#8217;
meaning that if popular thresholds aren&amp;#8217;t passed,&lt;br/&gt;
the issue goes into deliberation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;-What do you mean?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt;-M: &amp;#8216;misuse&amp;#8217; &amp;#8211; wtf is this?
DD has a power hierarchy just like RD,&lt;br/&gt;
meaning that both are vulnerable to corruption.&lt;br/&gt;
SD2-S&amp;#8217;s solution is to put the most trustworthy at the top,
and have them compete for senority.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a class="readMore" href="#" onclick="Element.hide(this); Element.removeClassName(this.parentNode.nextSibling, 'tooLarge'); return false;"&gt;Read more&amp;#8230; / Lire plus&amp;#8230;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;div class="tooLarge"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;-How has DD a power hiearchy?
How can there be corruption in a truly DD system with &lt;span class="caps"&gt;TOP&lt;/span&gt; in place?
The SD2 solution is better than todays crap, but not as good as DD
since you still have dangerous amount of power concentrated to a few.
With &lt;span class="caps"&gt;TOP&lt;/span&gt; applied for DD I have difficulties to see how corruption could
evolve to any significant levels.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;#8212;~&amp;#8212;~&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;-~&amp;#8212;~&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;~&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;~&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;-~&amp;#8212;~&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;~
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&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>[top-politics] Re: Definition of TOP - Systematization</title>
      <pubDate>2006-11-10 22:29:28+0100</pubDate>
      <link>http://echarp.org/Re_Definition_of_TOP_Systematization_89/index.rss</link>
      <comments>http://echarp.org/Re_Definition_of_TOP_Systematization_89/index.rss</comments>
      <dc:creator>Mark Rosst</dc:creator>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt; &amp;gt;M: DD controls the deliberation and thresholds,
&amp;gt; and RD controls the decisions.
&amp;gt; Why do otherwise?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt;mG: -Just becuse there might be some decisions that can be against the will
&amp;gt; of the people or it&amp;#8217;s rights.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;-M: As I said &amp;#8216;DD controls the deliberation&amp;#8230;&amp;#8217;
meaning that if popular thresholds aren&amp;#8217;t passed,&lt;br/&gt;
the issue goes into deliberation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a class="readMore" href="#" onclick="Element.hide(this); Element.removeClassName(this.parentNode.nextSibling, 'tooLarge'); return false;"&gt;Read more&amp;#8230; / Lire plus&amp;#8230;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;div class="tooLarge"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt;mG: In those cases the only guarantee for no misuse from any rep. is to
&amp;gt; allow DD, at least on these important issues.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;-M: &amp;#8216;misuse&amp;#8217; &amp;#8211; wtf is this?
DD has a power hierarchy just like RD,&lt;br/&gt;
meaning that both are vulnerable to corruption.&lt;br/&gt;
SD2-S&amp;#8217;s solution is to put the most trustworthy at the top,
and have them compete for senority.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;shanti&lt;br/&gt;
Mark, Seattle WA &lt;span class="caps"&gt;USA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;#8212;~&amp;#8212;~&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;-~&amp;#8212;~&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;~&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;~&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;-~&amp;#8212;~&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;~
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&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>[top-politics] Re: Definition of TOP - Systematization</title>
      <pubDate>2006-11-10 10:14:10+0100</pubDate>
      <link>http://echarp.org/Re_Definition_of_TOP_Systematization_88/index.rss</link>
      <comments>http://echarp.org/Re_Definition_of_TOP_Systematization_88/index.rss</comments>
      <dc:creator>Magnus</dc:creator>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;gt;DD controls the deliberation and thresholds,
and RD controls the decisions.&lt;br/&gt;
Why do otherwise?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;-Just becuse there might be some decisions that can be against the will
of the people or it&amp;#8217;s rights.&lt;br/&gt;
In those cases the only guarantee for no misuse from any rep. is to
allow DD, at least on these important issues.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;#8212;~&amp;#8212;~&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;-~&amp;#8212;~&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;~&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;~&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;-~&amp;#8212;~&amp;#8212;&amp;#8212;~
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